{"id":6686,"date":"2019-11-10T05:01:48","date_gmt":"2019-11-10T04:01:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/horti-generation.com\/spirulina-cultivation-under-greenhouses\/"},"modified":"2022-01-15T16:31:50","modified_gmt":"2022-01-15T15:31:50","slug":"culture-de-spiruline-sous-serre-plastique","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/horti-generation.com\/fr\/culture-de-spiruline-sous-serre-plastique\/","title":{"rendered":"Culture de la spiruline (genre Arthrospira) sous serre"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Introduction<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La <strong>spiruline<\/strong> ou Arthrospira platensis est une cyanobact\u00e9rie en <strong>forme de spirale<\/strong>. Sa taille est d&#8217;environ un dixi\u00e8me de millim\u00e8tre, identifiable par sa <strong>couleur bleu-vert<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cette &#8220;microalgue&#8221; (le terme correct est bact\u00e9rie) est reconnue pour sa <strong>haute valeur nutritionnelle<\/strong> et sa <strong>composition chimique<\/strong>. C&#8217;est l&#8217;une des plus importantes cyanobact\u00e9ries cultiv\u00e9es industriellement dans le monde. Elle a une forte teneur en prot\u00e9ines (50-70 en poids sec).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La <strong>Chine<\/strong> et les <strong>\u00c9tats-Unis <\/strong>sont aujourd&#8217;hui les plus grands producteurs industriels. En <strong>Franc<\/strong>e, de petites et moyennes exploitations cultivent \u00e9galement la spiruline.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/horti-generation.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Sans-titre.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1977\" width=\"483\" height=\"362\" srcset=\"https:\/\/horti-generation.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Sans-titre.png 588w, https:\/\/horti-generation.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Sans-titre-300x225.png 300w, https:\/\/horti-generation.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Sans-titre-356x267.png 356w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 483px) 100vw, 483px\" \/><figcaption>Light microscopy of Arthrospira filaments (x200) source = Krzysztof Waleron<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">De nos jours, de plus en plus de personnes se lancent dans la production de <strong>spiruline en serre<\/strong>. En effet, la serre est un <strong>outil parfait <\/strong>pour prot\u00e9ger et contr\u00f4ler l&#8217;environnement. En fait, elle aide les cultivateurs \u00e0 \u00e9tablir des<strong> <\/strong>conditions de <strong>croissance optimales<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Conditions de culture de la spiruline<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les <strong>principaux facteurs limitants<\/strong> pour la culture de la spiruline sont la lumi\u00e8re, la temp\u00e9rature de l&#8217;eau, la disponibilit\u00e9 des nutriments comme pour la plupart des plantes : carbone, azote, sels min\u00e9raux\u2026 et les propri\u00e9t\u00e9s chimiques de l&#8217;eau : eau saum\u00e2tre (sal\u00e9e mais pas autant que l&#8217;eau de mer) et alcaline (pH entre 9 et 11) :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>La <strong>lumi\u00e8re<\/strong> est le facteur cl\u00e9 de la croissance de la spiruline, la bact\u00e9rie \u00e9tant capable d&#8217;effectuer la <strong>photosynth\u00e8se<\/strong>. De nombreuses \u00e9tudes ont port\u00e9 sur l&#8217;effet de l&#8217;intensit\u00e9 lumineuse sur l&#8217;augmentation de la production de biomasse.<br><br><\/li><li>Certains experts ont mentionn\u00e9 que la spiruline ne tol\u00e8re pas les <strong>changements brutaux de temp\u00e9rature<\/strong> (eau). Au-dessus de 35\u00b0C, les rendements commencent \u00e0 chuter.<br><br><\/li><li>La <strong>disponibilit\u00e9 des nutriments<\/strong> est \u00e9galement un facteur limitant. Ci-dessous un exemple de milieu de culture (milieu de Zarouck) : <br>_ NaHCO3 (16.8 g\/L)<br>_ K2HPO4 (0,5 g\/L)<br>_ KNO3 (2,5 g\/L)<br><br><\/li><li>Le <strong>pH basique<\/strong> et la <strong>forte alcalinit\u00e9 <\/strong>emp\u00eachent la contamination par d&#8217;autres micro-organismes dans le milieu de culture.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/horti-generation.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/P1100393-1024x668.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1971\" width=\"610\" height=\"397\" srcset=\"https:\/\/horti-generation.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/P1100393-1024x668.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/horti-generation.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/P1100393-300x196.jpg 300w, https:\/\/horti-generation.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/P1100393-768x501.jpg 768w, https:\/\/horti-generation.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/P1100393-1536x1003.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/horti-generation.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/P1100393-2048x1337.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/horti-generation.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/P1100393-730x476.jpg 730w, https:\/\/horti-generation.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/P1100393-1070x698.jpg 1070w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 610px) 100vw, 610px\" \/><figcaption><em>Culture de la spiruline dans des photobior\u00e9acteurs verticaux<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Culture en serre<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les deux principales m\u00e9thodes de production de spiruline sont le <strong>bassin \u00e0 circuit ouvert<\/strong> (<em>ORP en anglais<\/em>) ou les <strong>photobior\u00e9acteurs ferm\u00e9s<\/strong> (<em>PBR en anglais<\/em>) : configuration tubulaire, colonne ou plate\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La spiruline peut \u00eatre cultiv\u00e9e sous serre dans des bassins peu profonds, <strong>constamment remu\u00e9s.<\/strong> En effet, l&#8217;<em>Arthrospira <\/em>a besoin de<strong> lumi\u00e8re<\/strong>, cependant, elle ne supporte pas une exposition prolong\u00e9e au soleil. Pour d\u00e9velopper le syst\u00e8me, il faudra de l&#8217;<strong>eau<\/strong> et du <strong>CO2<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les<strong> serres de basse technologie<\/strong> (low-tech) avec des filets anti-insectes (grandes mailles) sur les c\u00f4t\u00e9s pour la ventilation peuvent \u00eatre une bonne option pour <strong>contr\u00f4ler la temp\u00e9rature <\/strong>\u00e0 l&#8217;int\u00e9rieur. La fonction principale de la serre sera de prot\u00e9ger les <em>Arthrospira<\/em> des perturbations ext\u00e9rieures (m\u00e9t\u00e9o, contamination ext\u00e9rieure\u2026).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">De plus, le choix du<strong> bon film plastique <\/strong>pour couvrir la serre sera tr\u00e8s important pour avoir une grande quantit\u00e9 de lumi\u00e8re \u00e0 l&#8217;int\u00e9rieur de la zone de culture. Par exemple, un plastique avec un <strong>traitement diffus \u00e9lev\u00e9<\/strong> est pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable pour la m\u00e9thode de culture verticale (rayons lumineux atteindront plus de surface dans la serre).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Un <strong>syst\u00e8me de brumisation<\/strong> (basse ou haute pression) peut \u00e9galement contribuer (selon l&#8217;emplacement du projet) \u00e0 augmenter l&#8217;humidit\u00e9 relative (%) et \u00e0 r\u00e9duire la temp\u00e9rature \u00e0 l&#8217;int\u00e9rieur de la serre. Ce syst\u00e8me n&#8217;est pas tr\u00e8s efficace et co\u00fbteux dans les r\u00e9gions tropicales et subtropicales en raison de l&#8217;humidit\u00e9 relative extr\u00eame de l&#8217;air.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/horti-generation.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/P1100406-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1979\" width=\"616\" height=\"410\" srcset=\"https:\/\/horti-generation.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/P1100406-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/horti-generation.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/P1100406-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/horti-generation.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/P1100406-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/horti-generation.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/P1100406-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/horti-generation.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/P1100406-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/horti-generation.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/P1100406-730x487.jpg 730w, https:\/\/horti-generation.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/P1100406-1070x713.jpg 1070w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 616px) 100vw, 616px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sur la photo ci-dessus, le milieu de culture est ensuite <strong>filtr\u00e9 <\/strong>pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer la spiruline qui est ensuite press\u00e9e et s\u00e9ch\u00e9e pour assurer sa conservation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sources:<br><br>Arthrospira (Spirulina): B.A. Whitton (ed.), Ecology of Cyanobacteria II: Their Diversity in Space and Time.    <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Edible Cyanobacterial Genus&nbsp;<em>Arthrospira<\/em>: Actual State of the Art in Cultivation Methods, Genetics, and Application in Medicine,  Furmaniak and al., 2017.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Production de spiruline \u00e0 la ferme: produire de la spiruline \u00e0 la ferme gr\u00e2ce au digestat et \u00e0 la chaleur exc\u00e9dentaire d\u2019une installation de biogaz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Zarrouk, C. (1966).&nbsp;Contribution to the Study of Cyanophyceae: Influence of Various Physical and Chemical Factors on Growth and Photosynthesis of Spirulina maxima (Setch and Gardner) Geitler. Doctoral thesis, University of Paris, Paris. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>La spiruline ou Arthrospira platensis est une cyanobact\u00e9rie en forme de spirale. Sa taille est d&#8217;environ un dixi\u00e8me de millim\u00e8tre, identifiable par sa couleur bleu-vert. Elle a une forte teneur en prot\u00e9ines (50-70 en poids sec). <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1975,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[251,263,259],"tags":[887,715,888,892,712,889,424,890,891],"class_list":["post-6686","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-agronomie","category-articles","category-autres","tag-arthrospira-fr","tag-culture","tag-cyanobacteria-fr","tag-cyanobacterie","tag-intensive-fr","tag-production-fr","tag-serres","tag-spirulina-fr","tag-spiruline"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Culture de la spiruline (genre Arthrospira) sous serre - Horti Generation<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"La spiruline est une cyanobact\u00e9rie en forme de spirale. 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