{"id":8705,"date":"2021-01-26T01:25:22","date_gmt":"2021-01-26T00:25:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/horti-generation.com\/plant-physiology-photosynthesis-and-the-role-of-stomata\/"},"modified":"2023-06-25T16:18:37","modified_gmt":"2023-06-25T14:18:37","slug":"role-du-co2-photosynthese-en-serre-importance-stomates","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/horti-generation.com\/fr\/role-du-co2-photosynthese-en-serre-importance-stomates\/","title":{"rendered":"Physiologie v\u00e9g\u00e9tale : photosynth\u00e8se, r\u00f4le du CO2 et importance des stomates"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2><strong>&#8211; Qu&#8217;est-ce que la photosynth\u00e8se ?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>La <strong>photosynth\u00e8se<\/strong> est un processus bio\u00e9nerg\u00e9tique qui se produit dans les cellules chlorophylliennes (situ\u00e9es dans les chloroplastes) en pr\u00e9sence de rayonnement actif photosynth\u00e9tique (PAR). Ce processus permet \u00e0 une plante d&#8217;utiliser l&#8217;\u00e9nergie solaire en la convertissant en \u00e9nergie chimique. Par la suite, la plante utilise cette \u00e9nergie chimique pour synth\u00e9tiser des hydrates de carbone (assimilats ou sucre) en <strong>utilisant le CO2<\/strong> pour la formation de ses tissus (cycle de Calvin) :<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dr282zn36sxxg.cloudfront.net\/datastreams\/f-d%3Ae1627e8f12feb2232156140341f085c92e41c28cc66410c4d5e2e9d3%2BIMAGE_THUMB_POSTCARD_TINY%2BIMAGE_THUMB_POSTCARD_TINY.1\" alt=\"Light Reactions ( Read ) | Biology | CK-12 Foundation\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Le <strong>CO2 <\/strong>est un gaz essentiel au processus de photosynth\u00e8se. Ce gaz est pr\u00e9sent tout naturellement dans l&#8217;atmosph\u00e8re dans une proportion approximative de 0,038 %, soit <strong>380 ppm<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2><strong>&#8211; Quel est le r\u00f4le du CO2 ?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>En effet, trois param\u00e8tres sont n\u00e9cessaires \u00e0 la photosynth\u00e8se : l&#8217;<strong>eau<\/strong>, le <strong>CO2<\/strong> et la <strong>lumi\u00e8re<\/strong>. Le taux de photosynth\u00e8se sera d\u00e9termin\u00e9 par le facteur le plus faible des trois. Ce n&#8217;est qu&#8217;en augmentant le facteur limitant qu&#8217;il sera possible d&#8217;accro\u00eetre l&#8217;activit\u00e9 photosynth\u00e9tique d&#8217;une plante. Dans l&#8217;h\u00e9misph\u00e8re nord (en hiver), le CO2 est souvent un des <strong>facteurs limitants<\/strong> dans la serre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Par ailleurs, la <strong>temp\u00e9rature des feuilles<\/strong> a \u00e9galement un impact sur les taux de photosynth\u00e8se. En effet, la photosynth\u00e8se est optimale entre 15 et 25\u00b0C. Le <strong>CO2 entre<\/strong> par les stomates situ\u00e9s sous les feuilles :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/c\/c5\/Figure_30_02_05abc.jpg\" alt=\"File:Figure 30 02 05abc.jpg - Wikimedia Commons\" width=\"699\" height=\"386\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Source : https:\/\/openstax.org\/books\/biology\/pages\/1-introduction<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>L&#8217;<strong>air autour de la feuille<\/strong> (microclimat) joue un r\u00f4le important sur l&#8217;ouverture et la fermeture des stomates,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4><strong>Facteurs favorisant l&#8217;ouverture des stomates<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Bon niveau d&#8217;<strong>humidit\u00e9<\/strong> et transpiration active<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Concentration \u00e9lev\u00e9e de <strong>CO2 atmosph\u00e9rique<\/strong> (%)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Bonne i<strong>ntensit\u00e9 lumineuse<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Diminution de la concentration de CO2 (%) dans la chambre stomatique (pore) provoqu\u00e9e par une <strong>photosynth\u00e8se active<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-thr-acc-color\">Facteurs favorisant la fermeture des stomates<\/mark><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Niveau d&#8217;<strong>hygrom\u00e9trie<\/strong> excessif et faible transpiration<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Augmentation de la concentration de CO2 (%) dans la chambre sous-stomatique (pore) provoqu\u00e9e par une <strong>photorespiration active<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Mouvement d&#8217;air<\/strong> ou <strong>vent fort<\/strong> qui provoque la fermeture des stomates pour prot\u00e9ger la plante contre le dess\u00e8chement (=stress)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Approvisionnement insuffisant en eau et <strong>stress hydrique<\/strong> (les racines synth\u00e9tisent de l&#8217;acide abscissique qui a la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 de fermer les stomates)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Temp\u00e9ratures extr\u00eames <\/strong>(trop chaudes ou trop froides)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Faibles concentrations de CO2<\/strong> dans atmosph\u00e8re (%)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/horti-generation.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/kaitlan-balsam-epUhmcUwV-U-unsplash-683x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3937\" width=\"499\" height=\"749\" srcset=\"https:\/\/horti-generation.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/kaitlan-balsam-epUhmcUwV-U-unsplash-683x1024.jpg 683w, https:\/\/horti-generation.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/kaitlan-balsam-epUhmcUwV-U-unsplash-200x300.jpg 200w, https:\/\/horti-generation.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/kaitlan-balsam-epUhmcUwV-U-unsplash-768x1152.jpg 768w, https:\/\/horti-generation.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/kaitlan-balsam-epUhmcUwV-U-unsplash-1024x1536.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/horti-generation.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/kaitlan-balsam-epUhmcUwV-U-unsplash-1365x2048.jpg 1365w, https:\/\/horti-generation.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/kaitlan-balsam-epUhmcUwV-U-unsplash-730x1095.jpg 730w, https:\/\/horti-generation.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/kaitlan-balsam-epUhmcUwV-U-unsplash-1070x1605.jpg 1070w, https:\/\/horti-generation.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/kaitlan-balsam-epUhmcUwV-U-unsplash.jpg 2016w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 499px) 100vw, 499px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><strong>Conclusion<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00c0 l&#8217;int\u00e9rieur d&#8217;une serre, la <strong>circulation de l&#8217;air<\/strong> est n\u00e9cessaire pour contr\u00f4ler l&#8217;humidit\u00e9 et la temp\u00e9rature. Cela contribue \u00e9galement \u00e0 renouveler naturellement la concentration de C02 dans l&#8217;air (ventilation passive). L&#8217;environnement de la serre doit permettre la transpiration tout en limitant l&#8217;apparition de maladies fongiques (gestion du % d&#8217;humidit\u00e9 relative).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>En conclusion, un \u00e9quipement permettant d&#8217;<strong>apporter le CO2 aux stomates<\/strong> catalysera le taux de photosynth\u00e8se de la culture. Aujourd&#8217;hui, de nombreuses technologies permettent d&#8217;enrichir artificiellement les concentrations de CO2 dans les serres\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Source:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Carbon Dioxide In Greenhouses: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.omafra.gov.on.ca\/english\/crops\/facts\/00-077.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">http:\/\/www.omafra.gov.on.ca\/english\/crops\/facts\/00-077.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Importance of Vertical Air Movement in a Greenhouse:<br><a href=\"https:\/\/hinova.nl\/en\/the-importance-of-vertical-air-movement-in-a-greenhouse\/#:~:text=Greenhouse%20air%20can%20get%20warmer,reduce%20the%20risk%20of%20wilting.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/hinova.nl\/en\/the-importance-of-vertical-air-movement-in-a-greenhouse\/#:~:text=Greenhouse%20air%20can%20get%20warmer,reduce%20the%20risk%20of%20wilting.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>La photosynth\u00e8se est un processus bio\u00e9nerg\u00e9tique qui se produit dans les cellules chlorophylliennes (situ\u00e9es dans les chloroplastes) en pr\u00e9sence de rayonnement actif photosynth\u00e9tique (PAR). Le CO2 est un gaz essentiel au processus de photosynth\u00e8se. Ce gaz est pr\u00e9sent tout naturellement dans l&#8217;atmosph\u00e8re dans une proportion approximative de 0,038 %, soit 380 ppm.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":3910,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0},"categories":[251,263,267],"tags":[1335,1320,1336,1343,1344,1342,1337,1340,272,1338,1339,1341],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Physiologie v\u00e9g\u00e9tale : photosynth\u00e8se, r\u00f4le du CO2 et importance des stomates - Horti Generation<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"La photosynth\u00e8se est un processus bio\u00e9nerg\u00e9tique qui se produit dans les cellules chlorophylliennes (situ\u00e9es dans les chloroplastes) [...]\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/horti-generation.com\/fr\/role-du-co2-photosynthese-en-serre-importance-stomates\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Physiologie v\u00e9g\u00e9tale : photosynth\u00e8se, r\u00f4le du CO2 et importance des stomates - 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